This paper highlights the employment patterns of China’s over-45 population and, for perspective, places them in the … context of work and retirement patterns in Indonesia, Korea, the United States, and the United Kingdom. As is common in many … developing countries, China can be characterized as having two retirement systems: a formal system, under which urban employees …

Danish reform. We separately identify the effect of aid from that of other observed and unobserved variables such as parental … income. We exploit the combination of a kinked aid scheme and a reform of the student aid scheme to identify the effect of …

aggregate productivity growth during the socialist and reform periods in six transition economies. Modifying a standard … observed in market economies. Early in transition, faster reform is associated with larger contributions from reallocation, but …

We examine the effects of trade liberalization on child work in Indonesia. Our estimation strategy identifies …

Indonesia as a case in point to classify communities strictly adhering to traditional adat laws and Islamic religion as …

Beginning in the mid 1990s, China sped up its urban labor market reform and drastically restructured its state … investigate the impact of the parents’ job loss on the health of their children, using six waves of the China Health and Nutrition …