Pakistan's education system faces long-standing problems in access, quality, and equal opportunity at every level …: primary and secondary schools, higher education and vocational education. In spite of recent encouraging trends, such as the … rapid spread of private schooling and an expansion of higher education opportunities, systemic reform remains stubbornly …

Education yields substantial non-monetary benefits, but the size of these gains is still debated. Previous studies, for … example, report contradictory effects of education and compulsory schooling on mortality – ranging from zero to large … compulsory education both in the shorter and longer run. In contrast, compulsory schooling reforms have little or no effect on …

provide a comparable education to traditional schools. Estimating the effects of distance on academic outcomes, children prove …

secondary education. To investigate the importance of such revisions, we use administrative data on the student population in … different cohorts and grades up to the end of secondary education. We show that the effect of original school entry age on a …