This paper examines a quasi-experiment in which we encourage student effort by setting various weekly incentives to … student effort, and ii) controlled cross-group variation in assessment weighting. Assessment weighting strongly encourages … quiz participation, without displacing effort over the year. We estimate the return to a quiz at around 0.15 of a standard …

gift reciprocate with greater loyalty and effort. But ESPPs diverge from standard gift exchange or efficiency wage models … performance of the firm and the effort of workers in total. For workers who buy subsidized shares, an ESPP sets up a group … costs of work effort and may explain why they are more productive than those who do not join the ESPP. These findings …

We develop and estimate a generalized labour supply model that incorporates work effort into the standard consumption … each physician's labour supply and their work effort (clinical services provided per hour worked). It also covers a period … effort are much more sensitive to contractual changes than is their time spent at work. Our results also suggest that a …

How does effort respond to being graded and ranked? This paper examines the effects of non-financial incentives on test … non-financial incentives play an important role in motivating highly skilled students to exert more effort. We find …

This paper considers the effect of status or relative income on work effort combining experimental evidence from a gift …-exchange game with ISSP survey data. We find a consistent negative effect of others’ incomes on individual effort in both datasets …. The individual’s rank in the income distribution is a stronger determinant of effort than others’ average income …

We study worker and firm behavior in an environment where worker effort could depend on co-workers’ wages … matters). Our laboratory experiments indicate that workers’ effort choices are highly sensitive to their own wages, but …