We construct objective measures of privatization, internal and external liberalization reform efforts, across countries … external liberalization and privatization, concentration of political power drives internal liberalization, and democracy … underpins all three. We find that FDI inflows reduce the probability of privatization reversals, labour strikes increase that of …

aggregate productivity growth during the socialist and reform periods in six transition economies. Modifying a standard … observed in market economies. Early in transition, faster reform is associated with larger contributions from reallocation, but …

local crime rates. We assess the effects of a recent reform in California that caused a sharp and permanent reduction in the … state's incarceration rate. We exploit the large variation across California counties in the effect of this reform on county …

The effects of a recent Swedish child-care fee reform are compared with those of an alternative reform, increased child … benefits. The fee reform implied considerably decreased fees and was intended to increase both labor supply among parents and … aversion, the alternative reform would have been preferable to the implemented fee reform. …

Danish reform. We separately identify the effect of aid from that of other observed and unobserved variables such as parental … income. We exploit the combination of a kinked aid scheme and a reform of the student aid scheme to identify the effect of …

We investigate the wage effects of privatization using person-level firm-based panel datasets from one privatized and … one nonprivatized public sector firm in the same country for the years immediately before and after privatization. Thus …, we can analyze the before-after effects of privatization while controlling for individual and time fixed effects and …

one caused by sector-specific job characteristics. A natural experiment – the massive privatization process in post …-Soviet countries – allows correcting potential self-selection bias. Industry-specific privatization probabilities are assigned to …

reversals in different reforms are driven by different factors. This paper uses new reform indicators and presents novel … evidence showing that (a) FDI inflows reduce the likelihood of privatization reversals, (b) worsened terms of trade increase …