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Healthy Living in Hard Times
Ruhm, Christopher J. - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2003
Using microdata for adults from the 1987-2000 years of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, I show that smoking and height-adjusted weight decline during temporary economic downturns while leisure-time physical activity rises. The drop in tobacco use occurs disproportionately among...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005566357
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A Dynamic Model of Demand for Private Health Insurance in Ireland
Finn, Claire; Harmon, Colm - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2006
The Irish health care system offers a tax financed, universal entitlement to public care at a nominal user fee …, nonetheless 50% of the Irish population purchase private health insurance. This paper empirically models the propensity to insure … propensity to insure is in fact a function of heterogeneity or of state dependence. A range of individual and household …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005703221
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Labour-Use Efficiency in Tunisian Manufacturing Industries
Haouas, Ilham; Yagoubi, Mahmoud; Heshmati, Almas - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2003
This paper investigates the process of adjustment in employment. A dynamic model is applied to a panel of six Tunisian manufacturing industries observed over the period 1971– 96. The adjustment process is industry and time specific. The adjustment parameter is specified in terms of factors...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005762400
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The Dynamics of Women's Labour Supply in Developing Countries
Bhalotra, Sonia R.; Umana-Aponte, Marcela - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2010
fertility. These findings suggest that insurance motives underpin the dynamics of women's work participation. Examination of …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008470355
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Why Are There So Few Women in Executive Positions? An Analysis of Gender Differences in the Life-Cycle of Executive Employment
Frederiksen, Anders; Halliday, Timothy J. - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2015
"Glass ceilings" and "sticky floors" are typical explanations for the low representation of women in top executive positions, but a focus on gender differences in promotions provides only a partial explanation. We consider the life-cycle of executive employment, which allows for a full...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011149772
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The Political Economy of Social Exclusion with Implications for Immigration Policy
Gradstein, Mark; Schiff, Maurice - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2004
participation, access to public services and more. This paper studies the dynamics of minority exclusion. From the viewpoint of the … analysis also has implications for immigration policies which have to take this group dynamics into account. …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005761816
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The Identification and Economic Content of Ordered Choice Models with Stochastic Thresholds
Cunha, Flavio; Heckman, James J.; Navarro, Salvador - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2007
This paper extends the widely used ordered choice model by introducing stochastic thresholds and interval-specific outcomes. The model can be interpreted as a generalization of the GAFT (MPH) framework for discrete duration data that jointly models durations and outcomes associated with...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005762237
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Unobservable, but Unimportant? The Influence of Personality Traits (and Other Usually Unobserved Variables) for the Evaluation of Labor Market Policies
Caliendo, Marco; Mahlstedt, Robert; Mitnik, Oscar A. - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2014
Many commonly used treatment effects estimators rely on the unconfoundedness assumption ("selection on observables") which is fundamentally non-testable. When evaluating the effects of labor market policies, researchers need to observe variables that affect both treatment participation and labor...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010884355
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Dynamic Incentive Effects of Heterogeneity in Multi-Stage Promotion Contests
Stracke, Rudi; Sunde, Uwe - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2014
This paper shows that the incentive effects of heterogeneity may be positive rather than negative in dynamic contests … with multiple stages. In particular, the well-studied adverse effects of heterogeneity in static interactions are … compensated by positive continuation-value and selection effects. Due to these positive dynamic incentive effects of heterogeneity …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010886143
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Causal Returns to Schooling and Individual Heterogeneity
Pfeiffer, Friedhelm; Pohlmeier, Winfried - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2012
In this paper, human capital investments are evaluated by assuming heterogeneous returns to schooling. We use the potential outcome approach to measure the causal effect of human capital investments on earnings as a continuous treatment effect. Empirical evidence is based on a sample of West...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011279259