This paper reports the use of loyalty card data from one of the biggest retailers in the world – Tesco - to analyse the impact of promotions. The aim is to demonstrate how such data can bring significant benefits to retailers and manufacturers when deciding promotional strategies, over and...

We devise a decision tool to help economic researchers select a causal detection method compatible with real-world dynamics of an economic system under investigation. We apply it to test for dynamic causality between promotions and sales of a case-study beer brand in England. We find evidence...