Criticizes the standard international definition of unemployment as being too restrictive to measure accurately unemployment in labour- surplus economies. Using Indonesia as a basis, proposes a definition which is based on trends in real wages which aims to reflect the real extent of labour...

Summarises developments in the methodology of estimating requirements for skilled labour, and considers implications for employment in developing and centrally planned economy countries.

Discusses "sustainable livelihoods" and "environmentally sound technology" as sub-categories of the general concepts of "sustainable development" and "environmental soundness" drawn up by the Rio Earth Summit. Reviews related literature and considers the operational relevance of these concepts.