Union is a major achievement but also a difficult process in the four countries (France, Germany, Italy, and Spain) …

exchange rate expectations and on interest rates on publicly held government debt. In Italy, the high stock of such debt in …

-sector employment and have helped raise standards of living. However, the growth model has involved costs: the public-sector wage bill … is relatively high, there is limited employment of nationals in the private sector, labor productivity has declined or …

This paper discusses tax and expenditure policy reforms to raise employment. Using data for 58 advanced and emerging …. The focus is on incentives to increase labor demand and supply rather than on the impact of fiscal policy on employment … principles which should guide the design of country-specific fiscal reforms to boost employment. A comprehensive set of tables on …

The paper assesses the degree of banking competition and efficiency in Italy?over time as well as compared to that in … to be an important consideration, both in enforcing Italy''s antitrust laws and in ensuring that the procedures for …

of reforms needed to be pursued to address Italy’s growth potential …

the regions may increase the efficiency and the productivity of the health care system. The information on Italy's economy …

This Selected Issues paper for Italy presents updated estimates of potential growth for Italy, using new techniques … that draw on co-movements of output, employment, and inflation over the business cycle to distinguish trends from cycles … but also for macrofinancial developments. The paper reviews developments in fiscal federalism in Italy and draws on cross …