In this paper we consider a two-stage duopoly game where firms first decide whether to invest in advertising and then … compete in prices. Advertising has two effects: a market enlargement for both firms and a predatory gain for the investing … investment in advertising and that strong product substitutability may induce a coordination problem. …

improvements in clinical quality. In January 2006, the British Government introduced a major extension of their market …. This paper assesses whether this aim has been achieved and competition led to improvements in quality. For our estimation … analyze whether quality improved more quickly in more competitive markets after the government introduced its new wave of …

quality associated with nonresponse, but is inadequate as an indicator because of its limited relation with nonresponse bias …

Unilateral minimum quality standards are endogenously determined as the outcome of a non-cooperative standard …-setting game between the governments of two countries. Cross-country externalities from the implementation of minimum quality … policy outcomes. The role of minimum quality standards as non-tariff barriers is examined and the scope for mutual gains from …

This paper examines how the quality of formal early childhood education and care is associated with children …’s background. By using different indicators of quality, the research also explored how the relationship varies depending on the way … quality is measured. The analysis combines information from three administrative datasets – the Early Years Census, the …

Both educational attainment and school quality are typically lower in disadvantaged areas than others and much recent … policy attention has been focused on each. This paper looks at the quality problem, exploring the relationships between … disadvantaged contexts, what schools do, and the quality of schooling that they provide. The findings suggest that disadvantaged …

quality. We use a difference-in-difference-style estimator to test whether hospital quality (measured using mortality from …. We find that after the reforms were implemented, mortality fell (i.e. quality improved) for patients living in more … competitive markets. Our results suggest that hospital competition can lead to improvements in hospital quality. …

Sampling poses an interesting problem in markets with experience goods. Free samples reveal product quality and help … can sample the quality of songs by watching free music videos online. Identification comes from a natural experiment in …