relating to patenting, robust conclusions regarding the empirical consequences for technological innovation of changes in …

development of new energy technologies (Popp, 2017). Energy innovation tends to consist of a series of partially overlapping …

Does regulation affect the pace and nature of innovation and if so, by how much? We build a tractable and quantifiable … sharp reduction in the firm's innovation response to exogenous demand shocks for firms just below the regulatory threshold …. We then quantitatively fit the parameters of the model to the data, finding that innovation at the macro level is about 5 …

-by-step innovation. Innovations result from costly R&D investments and move technology up one step. Competition is inversely measured by …-and-neck. All these results are consistent with the predictions of step-by-step innovation models …

externalities but also by innovation market failures. This paper maps the economics literature on innovation market failures and …

The 'quality' of novel technological innovations is extremely variable, and the ability to measure innovation quality … is essential to sensible, evidence-based policy. Patents, an often vital precursor to a commercialised innovation, share …

innovation in a socially desirable substitute. Evolutionary theory emphasizes the possibility of innovation waves associated with … products. It does appear, however, that dominant designs did have substantial positive innovation effects. More specifically … innovation effects at the firm level than among individual inventors …

How does firm entry affect innovation incentives and productivity growth in incumbent firms? Micro-data suggests that … threat spurs innovation incentives in sectors close to the technological frontier--successful innovation allows incumbents to … prevent entry. In laggard sectors it discourages innovation--increased entry threat reduces incumbents' expected rents from …