relating to patenting, robust conclusions regarding the empirical consequences for technological innovation of changes in …

Innovation policy can be a crucial component of governments' responses to crises. Because speed is a paramount … objective, crisis innovation may also require different policy tools than innovation policy in non-crisis times, raising … distinct questions and tradeoffs. In this paper, we survey the U.S. policy response to two crises where innovation was crucial …

development of new energy technologies (Popp, 2017). Energy innovation tends to consist of a series of partially overlapping …

-produced penicillin, antimalarials, and a flu vaccine. We draw on this episode to discuss the economics of crisis innovation. Since the …

externalities but also by innovation market failures. This paper maps the economics literature on innovation market failures and …

This report surveys the empirical literature from economics and related fields on patents and innovation. In particular …, it reviews and synthesizes the empirical evidence on patents and first-generation innovation, the disclosure function of … patents, and patents and follow-on innovation. The main results are summarized in fifteen charts …

The 'quality' of novel technological innovations is extremely variable, and the ability to measure innovation quality … is essential to sensible, evidence-based policy. Patents, an often vital precursor to a commercialised innovation, share …

World War II innovation model in other crises. In this essay we describe exactly how it worked. We do so first through a … general overview of how OSRD approached several questions that may confront any crisis innovation effort: priority setting … innovation policy different, how crisis innovation policy approaches may vary, and the limits to generalizing from World War II …

innovation in a socially desirable substitute. Evolutionary theory emphasizes the possibility of innovation waves associated with … products. It does appear, however, that dominant designs did have substantial positive innovation effects. More specifically … innovation effects at the firm level than among individual inventors …