communication costs may have been to facilitate gains from trade through the specialization of research tasks. Thus, the advent of …-tier universities in the national innovation system as producers of new, high-quality knowledge …

, internal firm organization, performance and innovation, which is representative of the entire Canadian economy. Our empirical … particularly striking for innovation, as firms with some priority in business strategies are significantly more likely to innovate …

, vertical linkages with foreign firms, and international trade on several types of innovation by domestic firms. Using … and innovation and show that the supply chain of multinational enterprises and international trade are also important … channels. There is no evidence for an inverted U relationship between innovation and foreign competition. The relationship …

This chapter reviews the empirical economics literature on the impact of trade liberalization on firms' innovation … levels. In emerging countries, trade liberalization appears to spur productivity and innovation. In developed countries …, export opportunities and access to imported intermediates tend to encourage innovation, but the evidence on import …

's innovation surveys, and firms' patent, industrial design, and trademark filings with the Chilean IP office. We use these data to …-to-the-world product innovation, which suggests that branding may be an important mechanism to appropriate returns to innovation in a …