Where social norms favor gender segregation, firms may find it costly to employ both men and women. If the costs of …

Both energy and the environment are inputs into production, influencing the economy and the overall welfare of the … population. While the economy itself has been a central focus of economic history from its inception, energy and the environment … some thoughts regarding opportunities for further research in energy and the environment …

Women enter retirement having spent fewer years in market work, earned less over their lifetimes, and worked in … many women end up with lower levels of retirement income in old age. We use the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), which … largely between nonmarried men and women. Multivariate models show that 85 percent of this retirement income gap can be …

Although women earn approximately 50 percent of science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) bachelor's degrees …, more than 70 percent of scientists and engineers are men. We explore a potential determinant of this STEM gender gap using …

This paper reviews the literature on gender and culture. Gender gaps in various outcomes (competitiveness, labor force … the level of development, women's education, the expansion of the service sector, and discrimination. More recent … literature has argued that gender differences in a variety of outcomes could reflect underlying cultural values and beliefs. This …

Ichino and Moretti (2009) find that menstruation may contribute to gender gaps in absenteeism and earnings, based on …

Why aren't there more women in science? Female college students are currently 37 percent less likely than males to … randomly assigned to professors over a wide variety of mandatory standardized courses. We focus on the role of professor gender …. Our results suggest that while professor gender has little impact on male students, it has a powerful effect on female …

) suggested that hepatitis B could explain a large share { approximately 50% { of Asia's \missing women". Subsequent work has … ratios. To test this, we collected data on the offspring gender for a cohort of 67,000 people in China who are being observed …

Many studies have shown that women are under-represented in tenured ranks in the sciences. We evaluate whether gender … facts using the 1973-2001 Survey of Doctorate Recipients. We find that women are less likely to take tenure track positions … in science, but the gender gap is entirely explained by fertility decisions. We find that in science overall, there is no …