A distinct feature of MNCs is a three-tier organizational structure: foreign managers (FMs) supervise domestic managers … (DMs) who supervise production workers. Language barriers between FMs and DMs could impede transfers of management …-contractible. These conditions generate sub-optimal communication within the MNC. If communication is complementary with language skills …

large Indian garment firm with rich survey data on line managers, we find that several key dimensions of managerial quality …

Tracking the movement of top managers across firms, we document the importance of manager-specific fixed effects in … managers' corporate strategies, such as their preferences for internal growth and financial conservatism. Managers' early …

We examine the effect of language acquisition on the growth of immigrants' earnings. We gathered data on recent Soviet … immigrants to Israel that include retrospective questions on earnings and language ability on entry into their current job …. Language acquisition is found to interact positively with occupation level. Immigrant programmers and computer technicians have …