publishing as a central element in creation and dissemination of knowledge and in innovation systems. …

Few topics in the life sciences today provoke as much debate as the availability of patent protection on "genetic … inventions". Some hold that protection is essential to encourage innovation and development of new products. Others argue that … that despite sometimes controversial licensing practices the patent system has broadly achieved what is intended. The …

Few systematic economic evaluations have been carried out on patent system to better inform policy choices. This report …

innovation. The case studies cover abatement technologies for wastewater effluent from pulp production, abatement of motor … vehicle emissions, and development of renewable energy technologies. On the basis of patent data, the nature, extent, and … causes of innovation in each of these areas have been explored. While a particular focus has been placed on the role of …