In 2010, Kazakhstan entered into a customs union with Belarus and Russia. The first, relatively easy step in the implementation of the customs union was accomplished in 2010 with the adoption of a common external tariff, with varying exceptions in each of the three member countries. It is the...

Madagascar is an island nation located in the Indian Ocean off the south-eastern coast of Africa, and the fourth-largest island in the world. Despite the country's extensive economic opportunities and expansive natural resources, real GDP per capita is one of the lowest in the world. This...

This note examines the implications of digital innovation for market structure and attendant policies, including financial and competition regulation. There have been several surveys of regulatory responses. This note takes a step back, to look at what the economic theory of banking and...

This report provides a region-wide analysis on the status of the digital economy in South Asia. It identifies opportunities and challenges for national and regional action to realize the transformational potential of digitalizing economies, societies, and governments. The report synthesizes and...

Morocco strives to reach a similar per capita income level to that of upper-middle income countries, and to reduce unemployment, which particularly affects women and youth. To meet these goals, the government recognizes the need to shift from a low-technology economy with a strong agricultural...

Este informe analiza el estado actual del desarrollode una economía digital, así como sus desafíos yoportunidades, y propone seis prioridades de políticas públicas para el GdC. El informe se basa en lametodología de Diagnóstico de la Economía Digital delBanco Mundial, que analiza la...

Digitalization represents a key driver for long-term economic growth. While the use of digital technology has accelerated during the pandemic, the Philippines has not fully leveraged its expected benefits. There has been progress in expanding digital connectivity, but challenges remain. The...