For competitive reasons, many business organizations are becoming more flexible in their operation and crossfunctional in design. Increased emphasis on satisfying the final consumer has led businesses to recognize that value contributions, from internal and external organizational members in the...

This paper examines the sources of competitive advantage from a cross-functional perspective and presents a dynamic, general model of the tangible and intangible factors that lead to superior firm performance. We argue that superior performance results from the development of a complex,...

Manufacturing companies facing significant pricing competition need customer cost informations systems (CCISs) that reliably measure the resource costs of serving individual customers. Prices are often set by the market and competition, particularly from foreign imports, and severely restricts...

Outsourcing is the strategic use of outside resources to perform activities that are usually handled by internal staff and resources. By using a well-managed outsourcing agreement, companies can gain in markets that would otherwise be uneconomical. This study was designed to explore why...

A procedure to assess organizational effectiveness is proposed in this paper. An OE ÒmenuÓ of options is set out by which organizational performance can be measured. By using such a menu, managersÕ decision making, planning, and communicating with internal and external constituencies can be...