We are given a lot of tools, but no warning label on how or when to employ them. Michael Doane (Competition Economics, LLC), Luke Froeb & Steven Tschantz (Vanderbilt University)

Every MBA program in every country teaches students to compete using the "four P's" of marketing: price, product, place, and promotion. So when Microsoft began distributing its media player with its operating system, it would seem that it was competing by taking advantage of its low cost...

Enforcement Guidelines can facilitate inference by institutionalizing the language and analytic framework used by enforcers, but they must also be flexible enough to accommodate the many different ways in which firms compete.

The U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJâ€Â) report, Competition and Monopoly: Single-Firm Conduct Under Section 2 of the Sherman Act (“DOJ Reportâ€Â) is either (1) an extraordinarily useful and well written summary of the legal and economic analyses...