. The gains are a function of the domestic trade share and the long-run elasticity of trade with respect to iceberg trade … long-run elasticity cannot be estimated in one step by relying on tariff variation as shifters of trade costs. We show …, instead, that this object can be recovered by combining two tariff elasticity estimates: the long- and the short-run. Thus …

most-debated impacts is their effect on electricity prices, for which there have been some ex-ante studies, but few ex … prices for 2005–2009 in Spain, to study the effects that the introduction of renewable electricity and cogeneration has had … on wholesale electricity prices. It is particularly interesting to perform this study in Spain where an active system of …