This paper examines the relationships between economic growth , energy consumption, trade openness and carbon dioxide emissions for the period 1970-2009 in case of Portugal. In doing so, we use a time series (OLS estimator, the regression with Newey -West standard errors, and ARMA model). We...

This study explores a relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth in Pakistan by incorporating financial development within the neoclassical production function. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach has been applied to data from 1972-2012. To...

A rise in real GDP crafts higher energy demand in Pakistan. This short-term rising energy requirement is fulfilled with the help of nonrenewable and renewable energy consumption. The rise in nonrenewable energy consumption lifts real GDP up in short-run. Forecast error variance decomposition...

This paper aims to investigate the non-linear relationship between foreign direct investment and environmental degradation using panel data of 110 developed and developing economies. Our results indicated that environmental Kuznets curve exists and foreign direct investment increases...