candidate is expectations: what people expect could affect how they feel about what actually occurs. In a real-effort experiment …, we manipulate the rational expectations of subjects and check whether this manipulation influences their effort provision …-based reference-dependent preferences: if expectations are high, subjects work longer and earn more money than if expectations are low …

aspirations, i.e., demand vectors in which no player is indispensable in order for other players to achieve their demands, the one … unique separating aspiration; otherwise, there are many separating aspirations and the process reaches a neighbourhood of a …