are consistent with these grades being insufficiently salient for students to alter actual student behaviors …

in Germany, either teachers or parents have the discretion to decide which secondary school track a child may attend … increased time investments in students' skill development. Overall, my results suggest that selective admission policies can … lead to permanent improvements in students' educational performances. …

effects on school grades, but these negative effects are largely confined to children born extremely preterm (<28 weeks of … gestation, i.e. born at least 10 weeks earlier). Children born moderately preterm (i.e. born up to 5 weeks early) suffer no ill … school environment is very important for the outcomes of preterm born children, such that those born extremely preterm that …

We estimate the relationship between computers and students' educational achievement in the international student … to distract students from effective learning. But achievement shows a positive conditional relationship with computer use …

- on school performance. We combine data from the National Educational Panel Study covering 5348 primary school students …

We estimate the relationship between students? educational achievement and the availability and use of computers at … computers. Thus, the mere availability of computers at home seems to distract students from effective learning. But measures of …

autonomy is more beneficial in systems with external exit exams. Students perform better in privately operated schools, but …