are consistent with these grades being insufficiently salient for students to alter actual student behaviors …

in Germany, either teachers or parents have the discretion to decide which secondary school track a child may attend … increased time investments in students' skill development. Overall, my results suggest that selective admission policies can … lead to permanent improvements in students' educational performances. …

effects on school grades, but these negative effects are largely confined to children born extremely preterm (<28 weeks of … gestation, i.e. born at least 10 weeks earlier). Children born moderately preterm (i.e. born up to 5 weeks early) suffer no ill … school environment is very important for the outcomes of preterm born children, such that those born extremely preterm that …

stage by investigating the gender pay gap among university students working alongside their studies. With data from five … pay gaps and potential explanations. We find that female students earn about 6% less on average than male students, which … male and female students pursue. …

- on school performance. We combine data from the National Educational Panel Study covering 5348 primary school students …

social preferences. We find that second born children are typically less patient, less risk averse, and more trusting …. However, siblings’ sex composition interacts importantly with birth order effects. Second born children are more risk taking …