in Italy since 2013. I combine social security data with several empirical approaches, leveraging the time … that the payroll tax cut generates long-lasting growth in female employment, reduces the time spent on welfare, and spurs … business growth, without crowding out male employment. By contrast, the tax cut does not raise net wages, suggesting that tax …

, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK. Exploiting within-country variation, we show that a one …-March until mid-May. Using Italy as a case study, we find that high-social-capital areas exhibit lower excess mortality and a …

indices, namely the FTSE100 (UK), DAX30 (Germany), CAC40 (France), IBEX35 (Spain) and FTSE MIB40 (Italy), using fractional …

generous income tax exemption to young high-skilled expatriates who relocate to Italy. Eligibility requires a college degree as … 27% more likely to move back to Italy post-reform. Additionally, using social security data from the main origin country …