argue that low-achieving students may be particularly affected by the lack of educator support during school closures. We … collect detailed time-use information on students before and during the school closures in a survey of 1,099 parents in … Germany. We find that while students on average reduced their daily learning time of 7.4 hours by about half, the reduction …

We examine the extent to which government ideology has influenced monetary policy in OECD countries since the 1970s. In … the 1972-2010 period, Taylor rule specifications do not suggest a relationship between government ideology and monetary … policy was, however, associated with government ideology in the 1990s: short-term nominal interest rates were lower under …

, in turn, new populist parties that offer more polarized platforms. I investigate whether government ideology influences … ideology-induced policies implemented by established parties. Dragnet- controls confine citizens’ liberties, but may help to … evaluating how government/party ideology influences individual policies, previous econometric studies ignored initiatives in …

those that were not. When a justice's choice decides the outcome of a case, her ideology plays an even greater role in …

. Based on a simple model, we propose that what partly explains the particular internal structure of political ideology is …