, either by the adoption of new products, or by knowledge gains and improved use of traditional materials, and both …

contributes to innovation in source countries. We use changes in the labour mobility legislation within Europe as exogenous … driven by knowledge flows that are triggered by emigrants. While skilled migrants are not inventing in their home country … anymore, they contribute to cross-border knowledge and technology diffusion and thus help less advanced countries to catch up …

to push forward the global frontier, but mere production of knowledge does not guarantee that others are able to build on …

We provide quantitative evidence on the relationship between military spending and innovation in the 19th century …. Combining innovation data from world fairs and historical military data across Europe, we show that national military spending … is associated with national innovation towards war logistics such as food processing, but less towards war technology …

We argue that, for a given level of scientific knowledge, tolerance and diversity are conducive to technological … creativity and innovation. In particular, we show that variations in innovation within Prussia during the second industrial … innovation during the second industrial revolution. Religious tolerance is measured through population’s religious diversity …

We provide quantitative evidence on the relationship between military spending and innovation in the 19th century …. Combining innovation data from world fairs and historical military data across Europe, we show that national military spending … is associated with national innovation towards war logistics such as food processing, but less towards war technology …

linked fields. Our analysis uses 1.8 million U.S. patents and their citation properties to map the innovation network and its … strength. Past innovation network structures are calculated using citation patterns across technology classes during 1975 … predictive power on future innovation after 1995. This pattern is consistent with the idea that when there is more past upstream …

-border mobility of inventors within the firm. The inventor team composition has important consequences for how the new knowledge is …

Understanding the factors that may produce a sustained rate of innovation is important for promoting economic … development and growth. In this paper, we examine the role of human capital in firms’ innovation by using a large sample of … small and medium sized cities. Patent applications are used as the measure of innovation. Human capital indicators used …