non-coalition countries with regard to emissions and welfare and compare business as usual with the coalition … liberalization by moving from autarky to free trade. Although the coalition steps up its mitigation effort, world emissions rise … environment as well as for the coalition countries’ welfare and the aggregate welfare of all countries; it reduces the range of …

game, a coalition of countries regulates its own emissions and chooses whether or not to employ carbon tariffs against … game, the use of carbon tariffs by coalition countries is credible. China and Russia respond by adopting binding abatement … global welfare cost of achieving a 10% reduction in global emissions by half relative to the case where coalition countries …