While unemployment rates in Europe declined after the global financial crisis until 2018/19, the incidence of long …-term unemployment, the share of people who have been unemployed for more than one year to the total unemployed, remained high. Moreover …, the COVID-19 pandemic could aggravate the long-term unemployment. This paper explores factors associated with long …

2010-2018. Using Jordà's (2005) local projection method, we find that unemployment rates decline in response to …. In the periphery countries, the reduction in unemployment rates is relatively pronounced, while in the core countries it …

in their unemployment rate and not a decline in labour force participation rate. Policymakers should take account of …

. In particular, I show that once markups are allowed to respond to trade liberalization, unemployment and residual wage …

downward rigidity, and magnifying the response of unemployment to negative shocks. We also consider layoffs and show that for a …

density function with higher density and thereby generate large, asymmetric job-finding rate and unemployment reactions. Our …

reducing unemployment compared to most continental European OECD countries. As a rule they have also been and are still ahead …

economy permanently operates below capacity due to both structural unemployment and underemployment. The latter is a direct … demand and supply shocks are opposite to those of the standard case and result in a co-movement of unemployment and … explain movements of unemployment and underemployment in opposite directions. Finally, we show that fluctuations in the total …