rate of growth of capital asset or income whether source of borrowing is bank or money lender. This is then formalized in a …

a large amount of bank loans to local governments through the local government financing vehicles (LGFVs). This allows … form of higher loan to GDP ratio leads to lower economic growth rate. We find that discrimination in bank lending, housing …

Central Bank (BDCB) and the structure of the financial sector of Brunei Darussalam are presented. Lastly, the paper discusses …

granular effects: if markets are very concentrated in terms of the size distribution of banks, idiosyncratic shocks at the bank … of itself, and it may also influence concentration in banking and thus the impact of bank-specific shocks for the … micro-macro panel dataset. Our research has three main findings: First, bank-level shocks significantly impact on GDP …

and firms use non-bank finance, including trade credits and barter trade, to finance production. The banking failure …