lower than the social plannerś benchmark, which suggests a role for patent policy. We focus on a "non-infringing inventive … instrument in the form of patent length policy. …

.S. "exhausts" all rights of the patentee to that item under the Patent Act. This decision goes against the Government's position … that a foreign sale authorized by the U.S. patentee should exhaust U.S. patent rights by default unless the patentee … subjects the firms that source in the South and sell in the North to the risk of a patent infringement lawsuit but allows the …

We study the incentives that governments have to protect intellectual property in a trading world economy. We consider … a world economy with ongoing innovation in two countries that differ in market size and in their capacities for … treatment. After describing the determination of national policies in a non-cooperative regime of patent protection, we ask, Why …

development. Our theory delivers a gravity equation for cross-border patents. To test the model's predictions, we compile a new … strong, positive impact of policy and globalization on cross-border patent flows, especially from North to South. A … counterfactual welfare analysis suggests that the increase in patent flows from North to South has benefited both regions, with South …

This paper analyzes patent pools and their effects on innovation incentives. It is shown that the pro …-competitive effects of patent pools for complementary patents naturally extend for dynamic innovation incentives. However, this simple … case, the licensing fees reflect the strength of patents. Patent pools of complementary patents can be used to discourage …

The doctrine of "patent exhaustion" implies that the authorized sale of patented goods "exhausts" the patent rights in … model of domestic patent exhaustion that incorporates transaction costs in consumer licensing, and examines how a shift in … patent policy from absolute to presumptive exhaustion, in which the patent owner can opt- out of exhaustion via contract …

innovate, harmonization toward narrower patent breadth may raise world welfare. …We examine the Nash equilibria of a game where two national governments set patent breadth strategically. Broader … North can innovate, harmonization of patent breadth lowers welfare relative to the Nash equilibrium. When both countries can …

deter entry with the threat of patent litigation. We show that a positive cross-licensing royalty rate, which would …