multiplier. To this end we contrast two different ways to implement the ZLB in a New Keynesian model: the ZLB modeled as an … multiplier are not only due to differences in the timing assumption of government spending but also driven by the choice of the … ZLB modeling. Ceteris paribus, the impact multiplier is higher if the ZLB is modeled appropriately as a constraint. …

, the expenditure associated with military build-ups affects primarily the defense sector so that the resulting multiplier … powerful instrument for identifying government spending shocks. Furthermore, we show that the multiplier pertaining to non …-defense government spending is higher than the defense-spending multiplier estimated in the literature using military build …

countries give rise to a "multiplier effect": when a shock in the international food market drives up (down) its price … 29 food products for the period 2008-10, finding evidence of a multiplier effect. Global restrictions in a product (i … to restrictive measures, suggesting that the multiplier effect is mostly driven by this group. Finally, we estimate that …

effect on total GDP. In this setup the spending multiplier shows large long-run effects, considerably stronger than those …