exists on how to measure it. One key challenge is how to conceptualize and measure electoral competitiveness at the district … competitiveness which rest on explicit calculations about how votes translate into seats, but also implicit assumptions about how … the units in which competitiveness is best measured, arguing in favor of vote-share denominated measures and against vote …

In this study, we examine the influence of competitiveness on the stability of labour relations using the example of … growing evidence on the external relevance of competitiveness by analysing gender differences in the correlation between … competitiveness and labour market success and whether these effects depend on how the students' propensity to compete is measured. By …