school competition are both independently related to student outcomes. …Using a rich dataset that merges student-level school records with birth records, and leveraging a student fixed … effects design, we explore how the massive scale-up of a Florida private school choice program affected public school students …

have had in Italy, we aim to shed some light on the subject. More precisely, a synthetic control method approach suggests … that Bolzano, the first province in Italy to have opened the schools after the summer break, has way more cases than its …

that are more effective at preventing outsider's entry and at mitigating price competition lead to less patenting. We test … restrict entry and price competition. We show that guilds which originated from medieval religious confraternities were more … likely to regulate entry and competition, and that the effect on patenting is robust to instrumenting guild statutes with …

local credit markets. We provide evidence that marginal increases in interbank competition are detrimental to relationship … technologies are al-ready widely in use in the market by a large group of small mutual banks, an increase in competition may drive … banks to further cultivate their extensive ties with customers. -- interbank competition ; market organizational structure …

market competition eventually prevails over family ties even in a family-controlled governance system such as in Italy. …The paper analyzes the interplay of product market competition and governance on CEO compensation in Italian listed … definitions of competition: the intensity of import penetration, which accounts for price competition, and the intensity of R …

all due to differences in what students bring with them to school - socio-economic background, cultural factors, and the … like? Or do school systems make a difference? This essay argues that differences in features of countries' school systems … factors of the school system, as well as factors beyond the school system, account for cross-country achievement differences …

that arrests of children and reported crimes involving children follow a different pattern: peaking during the school year … school year to show that this pattern is caused by school: children aged 10-17 are roughly 50% more likely to be involved in … a reported crime during the beginning of the school year relative to the weeks before school begins. This sharp increase …

enter (primary) school. Early age at school entry significantly affects mobility and reduces the relative advantage of …