We show that, when school quality is measured by the educational standard and attaining the standard requires costly … relatively high cost of effort, who would find the high standards of the public school excessively demanding. With the key …

that arrests of children and reported crimes involving children follow a different pattern: peaking during the school year … school year to show that this pattern is caused by school: children aged 10-17 are roughly 50% more likely to be involved in … a reported crime during the beginning of the school year relative to the weeks before school begins. This sharp increase …

school year. All students, not only struggling students, are pulled out. We find that students in treatment schools increased … their performance in mathematics by .16 standard deviations at the end of the school year and by .06 standard deviations in …

information on the public-private character of both operation and funding of each tested school. Across countries, public …

Decentralization of decision-making is among the most intriguing recent school reforms, in part because countries went … countries. Relying on panel estimation with country fixed effects, we identify the effect of school autonomy from within …-country changes in the average share of schools with autonomy over key elements of school operations. Our results show that autonomy …

all due to differences in what students bring with them to school - socio-economic background, cultural factors, and the … like? Or do school systems make a difference? This essay argues that differences in features of countries' school systems … factors of the school system, as well as factors beyond the school system, account for cross-country achievement differences …

We exploit variation stemming from school consolidations in Denmark from 2010-2011 to analyze the impact on student … achievement as measured by test scores. For each student we observe enrollment and test scores one year prior to school … consolidation and up to four years after. We find that school consolidation has adverse effects on achievement in the short run and …

Even though some countries track students into differing-ability schools by age 10, others keep their entire secondary-school … between primary and secondary school across tracked and non-tracked systems. Six international student assessments provide …