We analyse how spatial disparities in innovation activities, coupled with migration costs, affect economic geography … endogenous emergence of industry clusters. Spatial variations in knowledge spillovers lead to spatial concentration of more …. Narrowing the gap in knowledge spillovers across regions raises growth, and reduces regional inequality by making firms more …

This paper provides a first comprehensive quantitative analysis of optimal patent policy in the global economy. We … introduce a new framework, which combines trade and growth theory into a tractable tool for quantitative research. Our … application delivers three main results. First, the potential gains from international cooperation over patent policies are large …

This paper analyzes patent pools and their effects on innovation incentives. It is shown that the pro …-competitive effects of patent pools for complementary patents naturally extend for dynamic innovation incentives. However, this simple … patents reduce social welfare as they charge higher licensing fees and chill subsequent innovation incentives. …

research arising from the genome case, the paper shows that in some fundamental research areas, where knowledge externalities …

innovation, leading to lower growth over both paths and welfare losses along the transition. … policy mix, markets' functioning, and public institutions' quality affect long-term growth and welfare. The reforms include … improved institutional framework that reduces rent-seeking. All reforms, except lower patent prices, lead to per-capita output …

.S. "exhausts" all rights of the patentee to that item under the Patent Act. This decision goes against the Government's position … that a foreign sale authorized by the U.S. patentee should exhaust U.S. patent rights by default unless the patentee … exhaustion (AIE) - which effectively precludes express-reservation of rights - impacts global welfare and its distribution. PIE …

enforcement of IPR yields a higher level of innovation and global welfare only if the developing country does not innovate. A … own innovation. The analysis predicts that the willingness to enforce IPR is U-shaped in a country GDP: small …

duration is short, the increase in monopolistś profits and entry cost saving dominate the reduction in consumer welfare, which … affects total welfare positively. If protection duration is long, dynamic efficiency gains, i.e., the delay of subsequent … entry and savings on entry costs impact total welfare positively. …

may even reduce welfare. The reason is that it crowds out proprietary innovation which on net may reduce total innovation … in the long run. These effects would be reinforced if philanthropical innovation diverted people from other productive …