We provide a novel intuition for the observation that many brand manufacturers have restricted their retailers' ability … to resell brand products online. Our approach builds on models of salience according to which price disparities across … competition per se, we show that these constraints can be socially desirable if salience effects are taken into account. …

We study the impact of product margins on pharmacies' incentive to promote generics instead of brand-names. First, we … construct a theoretical model where pharmacies can persuade patients with a brand-name prescription to purchase a generic … producer and retail level. In the empirical analysis, we find a strong relationship between the margins of brand-names and …

diversity of exports. Direct sales maintain a firm's unique product characteristics ("brand equity"), whereas trade through an … intermediary can take two forms - either a wholesaling arrangement that (also) maintains the exporter's unique brand but imposes a … with other firms' output and re-sold under a new private label brand created by the intermediary. This paper focuses on the …