This paper analyzes patent pools and their effects on innovation incentives. It is shown that the pro …-competitive effects of patent pools for complementary patents naturally extend for dynamic innovation incentives. However, this simple … case, the licensing fees reflect the strength of patents. Patent pools of complementary patents can be used to discourage …

This paper develops a model of patent trolls to understand various litigation strategies employed by nonpracticing …

This paper develops a theory of patent portfolios in which firms accumulate an enormous amount of related patents in … infringe on other firms ́patent portfolios. We investigate how litigation incentives for the holders of patent portfolios … impact the incentives to introduce new products and draw welfare implications. We also consider a patent portfolio …

deter entry with the threat of patent litigation. We show that a positive cross-licensing royalty rate, which would …

. Domestic innovation is measured as citation-weighted domestic patents filed at the European Patent Office (EPO): to account for … to patent at the EPO. Results show that, in the short-run, IPR stimulate innovation. The effect for developing countries …

the optimal mix of patent and trade secrets when the innovator faces a strict novelty requirement and can only patent a … innovator can successively patent different fragments of the process. We compare a regime with prior user rights, when the …

.S. "exhausts" all rights of the patentee to that item under the Patent Act. This decision goes against the Government's position … that a foreign sale authorized by the U.S. patentee should exhaust U.S. patent rights by default unless the patentee … subjects the firms that source in the South and sell in the North to the risk of a patent infringement lawsuit but allows the …

patentability standards at PTOs (Patent and Trademark Offices awarding so-called bad patents), not only "false innovators" have the … chance of being granted patents but also, and more interestingly, "true innovators" are forced to patent more intensively … distortions caused by bad patents. Moreover, we show that introducing a two-tiered patent system is unlikely to improve market …