-1994 period, we find that both the contemporaneous unemployment rate and prior values of the unemployment rate are significantly … percent for the elasticity of earnings with respect to current unemployment rates, and between 6 and 10 percent with respect … to unemployment rates at the start of current firm tenure. Moreover, whereas local unemployment rates determine levels of …

This paper discusses the various causal relations between unemployment and participation to the labor market, notably … various exogenous variations jointly affect unemployment and participation. Empirical tests based on time-series of OECD … unemployment rates. A variance decomposition exercise indicates that, in Continental Europe, participation is driven in the short …