The adjustment of business managers from Beijing and Shanghai assigned to Hong Kong and of Hong Kong expatriates working in Beijing and Shanghai were compared in an exploratory study. The personal in‐depth interviews showed differences between the managers from the Chinese mainland and those...

Purpose – The current literature implicitly assumes a symmetric impact of cultural distance (CD) on expatriate adjustment. By using distance as a predictor of adjustment, the literature has rendered the direction of the flow irrelevant: a US expatriate in Germany is presumed to face the same...

Purpose – As opposed to the predominant belief in the West, in Chinese dominated societies there may be a positive relationship between age and perceived possession of high quality personal resources. That attitude towards old age may carry over to expatriates in Chinese societies. This may...

Purpose – Most of the fast‐growing literature on business expatriates has focused on organizational expatriates (OEs) who have been assigned by their parent companies to the foreign location. However, there is much less research on self‐initiated expatriates (SIE), who themselves have...

Examines to what extent Swedish executives are familiar with the work values of their own host country national subordinates in Singapore. Investigates the work values of host country national middle managers who were employed in Swedish subsidiaries in Singapore as well as their Swedish...

Presents the finding of a mail survey of expatriate managers working in China, mainly from the USA, France, Germany, Australia and the UK. Examines two sets of psychological barriers to adjustment and its occurrence among North American and Western Europeans. States that European managers were...