certifier can enable the seller to disclose her private information publicly, as well as gather additional market information …-maximal information-gathering. Thus, optimal contracts eliminate private information but not market uncertainty; even though the latter … would be costless, it is suboptimal as it requires excessive information rents to the seller. Thus, market inefficiencies …

and not on the public signal. Nonetheless, public information is valuable as it facilitates truthful subjective evaluation …This paper studies a principal-agent relation in which the principal's private information about the agent's effort …

? Suppose a manager's evaluation is private information. Justifying her evaluation is costly but limits the principal's scope … for distorting her evaluation of the employee. I show that the manager justifies her evaluation if and only if the … employee's performance was poor. The justification assures the employee that the manager has not distorted the evaluation …

By international comparison as well as compared to other EU policies, the EU‘s Cohesion Policy (CP) evaluation system … is far developed and institutionalized. This paper analyses the remaining gaps and shortcomings in the CP evaluation … presence of a broad and imprecise CP objective function emerges as a key challenge for evaluations. The evaluation culture is …

This paper examines whether income transparency - the public release of citizens' income information - affects support … release income information on Finland's top earners to the public. To identify causal effects we compare respondents who took …