Optimal harvesting of prey in a predator–prey ecosystem is studied under the condition that the existence of the predator has value. Predators (birds) and humans (fishers) compete for prey (shellfish). The behavior of the system is studied and conditions for optimal control are deduced....

The main ingredient of this paper is the derivation of the generalized version of Hamilton's rule. This version is derived with the Generalized Price equation. The generalized version of Hamilton's rule generalizes the original rule, in the sense that it produces a set of rules; one rule for...