Today, Europe is a continent of low participation, low employment labor markets. Many observers would like to blame … Europeans. Layered on top of these weak labor markets is the rapid onset of aging; if policies are not changed, Europe will lose … about a million workers every year for the next five decades, especially in the 2030s. In short, Europe has to increase both …

while considered as extremely large in the public debate in Europe. The main argument is based on a fundamental property of …. Two sets of implications are then derived: on one hand, mobility costs are high in Europe and transitions between steady …-states has especially strong adverse effects. Jobs endogenously last longer in Europe than in the US, but when they are destroyed …

This paper surveys major empirical regularities concerning changes in earnings inequality in Europe and the U.S. over …