-linked externalities (JLEs). JLEs emerge when wages exceed the opportunity cost of labor (labor externalities), or when there are social … gains from creating better jobs for some classes of worker, such as women or youth (social externalities). Like all … externalities, JLEs create a gap between private and social rates of return. Investments can be socially profitable (once the …

on the conceptual framework of an education production function, we cover evidence on child, parent, and school inputs …

available. In this paper, we use nationally representative cohort data linked to administrative education records to study the …

development. It affects human capital through both religious and secular education. It affects population and labor by influencing …