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Economic outcomes for transgender people and other gender minorities in the United States : first estimates from a nationally representative sample

Carpenter, Christopher; Lee, Maxine J.; Nettuno, Laura - 2022

We provide the literature's first estimates of economic outcomes for transgender people and other gender minorities in … the United States using nationally representative data from the Household Pulse Survey. We find that transgender women …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013168059

Gender identity, race, and ethnicity-based discrimination in access to mental health care : evidence from an audit correspondence field experiment

Fumarco, Luca; Harrell, Benjamin; Button, Patrick; … - 2023

extent to which transgender and non-binary people, African Americans, and Hispanics face discrimination in access to mental … health care appointments. We find significant discrimination against transgender or non-binary African Americans and … Hispanics. We do not find evidence of discrimination against White transgender and non-binary prospective patients. We are …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014334849

Nonbinary gender identities and earnings : evidence from a national census

Carpenter, Christopher; Feir, Donna; Pendakur, Krishna; … - 2024

The social and legal recognition of nonbinary people - those who do not exclusively identify with traditionally male or female genders - is growing. Yet, we know little about their economic realities. We offer the first nationally representative evidence on the earnings of nonbinary people using...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10015077949

The rise and fall of the "Normalarbeitsverhältnis" in Germany

Pierenkemper, Toni - 2009

The following paper attempts to trace the construction of the standard employment contract in Germany from the beginning of the 19th century onwards. It was from this point in time that wage labour slowly came into being and later on developed more broadly. At first, state regulations were...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10003825120

From Angela's Ashes to the Celtic Tiger : early life conditions and adult health in Ireland

Delaney, Liam; McGovern, Mark E.; Smith, James P. - 2009

We use data from the Irish census and exploit regional and temporal variation in infant mortality rates over the 20th century to examine effects of early life conditions on later life health. Our main identification is public health interventions which eliminated the Irish urban infant mortality...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10003910207

Der vormoderne Allokationsprozess von Arbeit in Deutschland

Pierenkemper, Toni; Kendzia, Michael J. - 2010

The paper provides a historical overview of the pre-modern allocation of work within the territory of the later Germany from the 18th until the middle of the 19th century. We explore how the social allocation of work during the feudal system took place and trace back the development of wage...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10003968435

Herausbildung erster Wesenszüge des Normalarbeitsverhältnisses in Deutschland

Kendzia, Michael Jan - 2010

The paper provides a historical overview of the development of the initial characteristics of the standard employment contract in Germany from the middle of the 19th century until the beginning of World War I. The beginning of the welfare state in Germany took place during the 1880s on the basis...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008780307

Employer preferences and social policy : business and the development of job security regulations in Germany since World War I

Emmenegger, Patrick; Marx, Paul - 2010

This article examines the role of business in the historical development of job security regulations in Germany from their creation in the inter-war period to the dawn of the crisis of the 'German Model' in the 1980s. It contrasts the varieties of capitalism approach, which sees business as...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10003986342

A long-run view of the university gender gap in Australia

Booth, Alison L.; Kee, Hiau Joo - 2010

The first Australian universities were established in the 1850s, well before the introduction of compulsory schooling. However it was not until the twentieth century that growing industrialisation, technological change and the development of the so-called 'knowledge industries' fed into an...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10003959990

Der Institutionalisierungsprozess des Lohnarbeitsverhältnisses vom Ersten bis zum Zweiten Weltkrieg in Deutschland

Kendzia, Michael Jan - 2010

The paper provides a historical overview of the institutional development of the structural elements of the standard employment contract in Germany from the beginning of World War I until the outbreak of World War II. For this purpose, a model of the standard employment contract including...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009152424