unionized employees in North America are women. While early studies of unions and inequality focused on males, recent studies … examine both and reveal striking gender differences. A consistent - and puzzling - finding is that unions reduce wage …, unions reduce economy-wide wage inequality by less than 10% in both countries. However, union impacts on wage inequality are …

We present theoretical and empirical evidence challenging results from early studies that found unions were detrimental …

well as the role of changing attitudes of employees towards unions are not fully clear, but the rise of the informal sector …

changes in competition in the United States. The sector offers workplace employee representation through trade union branches … Productivity (TFP) than incumbents. Increased competition from new entrants leads incumbents to reduce the price of union …. Those with higher TFP have higher survival probabilities. However, increased competition does not induce incumbents to raise …

highly volatile economic environment unions may be concerned about the weakening of their bargaining power associated with an …, while training temporary contracts are not affected by unions, volatility and their interplay. We argue that this occurs … because non-training temporary contracts can be used by firms as a buffer stock to cope with uncertainty and by unions to …

This paper uses the national firm level survey data to investigate the effects of Chinese unions on firm performance …. We show that Chinese unions have a strong "State-Party voice" face and a "collective voice" face but lack of "monopoly … unions are remarkable: unions in the workplace significantly improve productivity but reduce enterprise profitability …

We estimate the impact of nurse unions on health care quality using patient discharge data and the universe of hospital …