of COVID-19 infections is revealed. A significant positive correlation between infections and testing is shown by the …

This paper investigates the role of testing and age-composition in the Covid-19 epidemic. We augment a standard SIR … cold. Testing reduces the time of uncertainty. Individuals are heterogeneous with respect to age. Younger people are less … policy responses in terms of testing, confinements, and selective mixing by age group. …

internal testing and internal teacher monitoring including inspectorates does not affect student achievement. Our findings … point out the pitfalls of overly broad generalizations from specific country testing systems. …

associated with higher testing rates. Our findings point to a number of key community determinants of people's willingness to … related to greater testing. …

redeeming impact on educational performance. Others see early testing of children as a necessary instrument for identifying … children. In practice, there is large crosscountry variation in testing regimes. We exploit random variation in test-taking in … mathematics among early primary school children in Norway, a low testing environment. We examine two forms of testing, complex but …