This paper analyses the influence of norms of fairness on wage formation. Fairness is defined by "real-wage" and "relative-wage" norms that relate wage offers to workers' own current wage and to the wages of other groups of workers, and, to avoid shirking, firms pay fair wages. The wage norms...

This paper considers some methodological aspects of Joan Robinson's contribution to post-Keynesian growth theory. Joan Robinson's criticisms of equilibrium analysis, of the conflation of logical and historical time and of the uses (and misuses) of mathematical formalisation are scathing. But...

Aggregate demand is important, both in the short and the long run, but a basic distinction must be made between dual and mature economies. Mature economies may su¤er from a structural aggregate problem ("secu- lar stagnation"): full-employment growth may be impossible in the absence of...

Developing economies with high levels of open or hidden unemployment face structural transformation problems. Unlike in mature economies there are no structural aggregate demand problems, and sustained aggregate demand stimulus can lead to a profit squeeze in the modern sector and...

Phillips curves and natural rates of unemployment provide a poor foundation for analyzing inflation in developing economies. Structuralist alternatives have focused on distributional conflict and cross-sectoral interactions, but if the distributional claims are exogenous, the theory has formal...

This paper (i) examines the role of income distribution in the determination of the average saving rate and the growth process in dual and mature economies, and (ii) revisits the Pasinetti and neo-Pasinetti theorems. The profit share may in uence saving because of differences in the saving rates...

Mature economies may experience fl uctuations, but the average medium and long run growth rate matches the natural rate. Like Kaldor's neo-Keynesian models, the Marx-Goodwin tradition explains this outcome by endogenizing the distribution of income and assuming that the accumulation of capital...

This paper examines the dynamics of Keynesian models that incorporate feedback effects from the labor market to income distribution, investment, aggregate demand and output. A baseline version of the model can generate endogenous growth cycles, but cumulative divergence and economic collapse...

Post-Keynesians have questioned the relevance of behavioral economics on methodological grounds, citing the predominant focus of the behavioral literature on possible deviations of individual behavior from extreme standards of perfect optimization. The very limited influence of behavioral...

Fiscal policy and public debt may be required to maintain full employment and avoid secular stagnation. This conclusion emerges from a range of different models, including OLG specifications and stock-flow consistent (post-) Keynesian models. One of the determinants of the required long-run debt...