Including real options in firms ’ value raises numerous difficulties. Limitations concerning the relevance of option pricing models outside financial markets are the most salient, but carrying out a valuation implies other assumptions, especially on firms’ governance. In particular,...

Despite a large body of literature on the topic and the continuously improving understanding of professionals, real options are not widely used to value firms. Numerous assumptions have been raised to explain the various obstacles to their adoption. Limits concerning the relevance of option...

« Le budget est le fléau des directions générales américaines. Il n'aurait jamais du exister. Faire un budget est un exercice de minimisation car tout le monde est occupé à négocier les chiffres les plus faibles possible » . Le propos est clair et sans appel. Il émane de Jack Welsh, un...

For utility maximization problems under proportional transaction costs, it has been observed that the original market with transaction costs can sometimes be replaced by a frictionless {\em shadow market} that yields the same optimal strategy and utility. However, the question of whether or not...