This paper shows that there are large differences in cognitive and socio-emotional development between children from … rich and poor backgrounds at the age of 3, and that this gap widens by the age of 5. Children from poor backgrounds also … face much less advantageous "early childhood caring environments" than children from better off families. For example we …

This paper formulates and estimates multistage production functions for children's cognitive and noncognitive skills … investment in children compared to later remediation. We establish nonparametric identification of a general class of production … targeting of interventions to children with different parental and personal birth endowments. Substitutability decreases in …

This paper examines the impact of the iconic Perry Preschool Project on the children and siblings of the original … participants. The children of treated participants have fewer school suspensions, higher levels of education and employment, and … lower levels of participation in crime, compared with the children of untreated participants. Impacts are especially …

Children born at the end of the academic year have lower educational attainment, on average, than those born at the …

We estimate production functions for cognition and health for children aged 1-12 in India, based on the Young Lives … Survey. India has over 70 million children aged 0-5 who are at risk of developmental deficits. The inputs into the production … investments affect cognitive development at all ages, but more so for younger children. Investments also have an impact on health …

importance of credit constraints in forming skills is examined. There is little support for the claim that untargeted income … will better capture the active role of the emerging autonomous child in learning and responding to the actions of parents …

ages. We study effects of a text-based program for parents of kindergarten children, distinguishing a general program from …; and their parents reported engaging more in literacy activities. Effects were driven by children further from average …Recent studies show that texting-based interventions can produce educational benefits in children across a range of …

as labor earnings of the children who went through the post reform school system, in particular for individuals … the generation directly affected by the reform as well as their children. We use census data on all born in Sweden between … 1945 and 1955 and all their children merged with individual register data on all convictions between 1981 and 2008. We find …

reduced crime rates of the targeted generation and their children by comparable amounts. We attribute these outcomes to …