This paper discusses the trans-European high-speed rail networks' (TERN) financing. The different goals of public and private investors are identified as these are critical to the development of a new form of integrated financing, whereby both public and private means are required. Government...

This article analyses recent strategic changes in the European flexible packaging industry. It demonstrates that the different forces driving international industry competition can always be translated into requirements for stronger integration or stronger national responsiveness. The flexible...

Summary The transnational solution developed by Bartlett and Ghoshal is shown to be suitable for only a few special cases of multinational enterprise (MNE) strategy and structure. As MNEs have most of their assets and sales within their home region, they are in need of regional, not...

Liberalization of the EC banking industry presents both EC and non-EC banks with strategic predicaments. EC banks will face fewer shelter-based entry barriers, and will have to rely on competitive advantages to erect natural entry barriers. In contrast, non-EC banks will be forced to rethink...

We analyse the green strategies of six multinational enterprises subject to environmental regulations. In this framework we add government regulations as an explicit 'sixth force' to Porter's basic 'five forces' model. First, we distinguish between shifts in corporate strategy towards market...